{"id":44169,"date":"2026-03-08T11:08:13","date_gmt":"2026-03-08T11:08:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmosmedia.net\/?p=44169"},"modified":"2026-04-09T11:27:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T11:27:41","slug":"bizerte-face-a-lerosion-maritime-et-a-la-rarefaction-des-poissons-quand-la-science-confirme-lalerte-du-terrain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmosmedia.net\/?p=44169&lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"Bizerte face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion maritime et \u00e0 la rar\u00e9faction des poissons : quand la science confirme l\u2019alerte du terrain"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Sarah Ben Omrane-Cosmos media<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>

\u00c0 Bizerte, la mer ne se contente plus de fa\u00e7onner le paysage\u202f: elle le fragilise. L\u2019\u00e9rosion maritime s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re, les poissons se rar\u00e9fient et les p\u00eacheurs tirent la sonnette d\u2019alarme.<\/h4>

Longtemps per\u00e7us comme de simples ressentis, leurs t\u00e9moignages sont aujourd\u2019hui appuy\u00e9s par des donn\u00e9es scientifiques et des statistiques alarmantes. Le changement climatique, combin\u00e9 aux am\u00e9nagements humains comme la marina et l\u2019obstruction des cours d\u2019eau, a profond\u00e9ment boulevers\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre c\u00f4tier.<\/p>

Dans ce contexte , cette analyse et les constats de terrain pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans cet article s\u2019inscrivent dans le cadre de la visite organis\u00e9e \u00e0 Bizerte, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de l\u2019atelier d\u2019Africa 21, en partenariat avec le PAMT 2 et le Forum National de l\u2019Adaptation aux Changements Climatiques, consacr\u00e9 aux enjeux d\u2019adaptation des zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res face aux effets du changement climatique<\/a>.<\/p>

Une \u00e9rosion maritime mesurable et pr\u00e9occupante<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>

En effet, selon les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Agence de Protection et d\u2019Am\u00e9nagement du Littoral (APAL) et du Minist\u00e8re tunisien de l\u2019Environnement, la Tunisie compte environ 260 km de c\u00f4tes gravement menac\u00e9es par l\u2019\u00e9rosion, sur un lin\u00e9aire total estim\u00e9 \u00e0 670 km. Ces chiffres sont repris dans plusieurs rapports nationaux d\u2019adaptation aux changements climatiques et par la Banque mondiale.<\/p>

Plus largement, la Tunisie fait partie des pays m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens les plus touch\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9rosion c\u00f4ti\u00e8re. Environ 260 kilom\u00e8tres du littoral tunisien, sur un total d\u2019environ 670 km, sont aujourd\u2019hui consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme gravement menac\u00e9s. Dans certaines zones, le recul du trait de c\u00f4te atteint entre 1 et 1,5 m\u00e8tre par an, notamment dans les r\u00e9gions basses et urbanis\u00e9es.<\/p>

Par ailleurs, \u00e0 Bizerte, cette \u00e9rosion est aggrav\u00e9e par la mont\u00e9e du niveau de la mer, estim\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de 3 mm par an en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, selon les rapports du GIEC (IPCC) et les \u00e9tudes r\u00e9gionales m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes relay\u00e9es par l\u2019Institut National de la M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie (INM), et par l\u2019intensification des temp\u00eates hivernales. Les plages s\u2019amincissent, les dunes disparaissent et les infrastructures c\u00f4ti\u00e8res deviennent de plus en plus expos\u00e9es.<\/p>

Am\u00e9nagements c\u00f4tiers et marina : des \u00e9quilibres rompus<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>

Au-del\u00e0 du facteur climatique, les \u00e9tudes environnementales soulignent le r\u00f4le des am\u00e9nagements c\u00f4tiers dans l\u2019aggravation de l\u2019\u00e9rosion. La construction de marinas et de ports modifie la circulation naturelle des courants marins et bloque le transport des s\u00e9diments.<\/p>

\u00c0 Bizerte, la marina a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 une redistribution artificielle du sable\u202f: accumulation dans certaines zones, disparition dans d\u2019autres. Ce d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre emp\u00eache la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle des plages et perturbe les habitats marins. Les zones de fray\u00e8re, essentielles \u00e0 la reproduction des poissons, sont particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

Cours d\u2019eau obstru\u00e9s : une mer priv\u00e9e de ses apports naturels<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>

Les oueds et canaux qui reliaient l\u2019arri\u00e8re-pays \u00e0 la mer jouaient un r\u00f4le \u00e9cologique fondamental. Ils apportaient eau douce, nutriments et s\u00e9diments indispensables \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre c\u00f4tier. Aujourd\u2019hui, beaucoup de ces cours d\u2019eau sont obstru\u00e9s ou d\u00e9vi\u00e9s.<\/p>

\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale, les barrages et les am\u00e9nagements hydrauliques retiennent une grande partie des s\u00e9diments qui alimentaient autrefois naturellement les plages. Cette rupture du cycle s\u00e9dimentaire accentue l\u2019\u00e9rosion et contribue \u00e0 l\u2019asphyxie du lac de Bizerte.<\/p>

Moins de poissons, des chiffres qui confirment la crise<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>

D\u2019apr\u00e8s la FAO et la Commission G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des P\u00eaches pour la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e (CGPM), le r\u00e9chauffement des eaux m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 environ +1,5 \u00b0C en un si\u00e8cle, et plus de 50 % des stocks halieutiques m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens \u00e9valu\u00e9s demeurent surexploit\u00e9s, malgr\u00e9 les efforts de r\u00e9gulation r\u00e9cents.<\/p>

Le r\u00e9chauffement des eaux m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 environ +1,5\u202f\u00b0C en un si\u00e8cle, un changement suffisant pour perturber profond\u00e9ment les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne, plus de 50\u202f% des stocks de poissons \u00e9valu\u00e9s restent surexploit\u00e9s, malgr\u00e9 certaines am\u00e9liorations r\u00e9centes.<\/p>

Dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res tunisiennes, la rar\u00e9faction des poissons est accentu\u00e9e par la d\u00e9gradation des habitats, la pollution et la stagnation des eaux, comme le confirment plusieurs \u00e9tudes universitaires tunisiennes sur le lac de Bizerte ainsi que les diagnostics environnementaux de l\u2019APAL et de l\u2019ONAS, par la d\u00e9gradation des habitats, la pollution et la stagnation des eaux. Le manque de renouvellement de l\u2019eau, notamment dans le lac de Bizerte, r\u00e9duit l\u2019oxyg\u00e9nation et compromet la survie de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces.<\/p>

T\u00e9moignages de p\u00eacheurs : \u00ab les chiffres expliquent ce que nous vivons \u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>

Sur les quais de Bizerte, les p\u00eacheurs retrouvent dans les statistiques ce qu\u2019ils observent depuis des ann\u00e9es.<\/p>

\u00ab Avant, on sortait quelques heures et on rentrait avec du poisson. Aujourd\u2019hui, on passe la journ\u00e9e en mer pour presque rien \u00bb, t\u00e9moigne un p\u00eacheur artisanal. \u00ab Depuis la marina, les courants ont chang\u00e9. Le poisson ne reste plus. \u00bb<\/p>

Un autre p\u00eacheur pointe l\u2019obstruction des oueds\u202f: \u00ab L\u2019eau ne se renouvelle plus. Le lac \u00e9touffe. Quand l\u2019eau est chaude et sale, le poisson dispara\u00eet. \u00bb<\/p>

Pour eux, les chiffres ne sont pas abstraits\u202f: ils expliquent la baisse des prises, l\u2019augmentation des co\u00fbts et la pr\u00e9carisation de leur m\u00e9tier.<\/p>

Des cons\u00e9quences sociales et \u00e9conomiques lourdes<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>

La p\u00eache artisanale fait vivre directement ou indirectement des centaines de familles \u00e0 Bizerte. La diminution des ressources halieutiques entra\u00eene une baisse des revenus, l\u2019abandon progressif du m\u00e9tier et une perte de savoir-faire traditionnel.<\/p>

\u00c0 long terme, l\u2019\u00e9rosion menace \u00e9galement l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale, le tourisme et le patrimoine c\u00f4tier. Sans action, certaines zones pourraient devenir inhabitables ou perdre d\u00e9finitivement leur attractivit\u00e9.<\/p>

Une urgence environnementale et humaine<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>

Les donn\u00e9es scientifiques issues du GIEC, de la FAO, de l\u2019APAL, du Minist\u00e8re tunisien de l\u2019Environnement et des travaux universitaires nationaux rejoignent aujourd\u2019hui les alertes du terrain.<\/p>

Les donn\u00e9es scientifiques rejoignent aujourd\u2019hui les alertes du terrain. Restaurer les cours d\u2019eau, limiter les am\u00e9nagements c\u00f4tiers destructeurs, prot\u00e9ger les zones de reproduction et int\u00e9grer les p\u00eacheurs dans les d\u00e9cisions ne sont plus des options, mais des n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s.<\/p>

\u00c0 Bizerte, l\u2019\u00e9rosion maritime et la disparition des poissons ne sont pas seulement des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes naturels\u202f: ce sont les sympt\u00f4mes d\u2019un mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 repenser, avant que la mer n\u2019emporte d\u00e9finitivement une partie de l\u2019histoire et de la vie de la ville.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sarah Ben Omrane-Cosmos media\u00a0 \u00c0 Bizerte, la mer ne se contente plus de fa\u00e7onner le paysage\u202f: elle le fragilise. L\u2019\u00e9rosion maritime s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re, les poissons se rar\u00e9fient et les p\u00eacheurs tirent la sonnette d\u2019alarme. Longtemps per\u00e7us comme de simples ressentis, leurs t\u00e9moignages sont aujourd\u2019hui appuy\u00e9s par des donn\u00e9es scientifiques et des statistiques alarmantes. Le changement climatique, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134,4],"tags":[2129,2131],"class_list":["post-44169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-fr","category-sliders","tag-bizerte","tag-erosion-maritime"],"yoast_head":"\nBizerte face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion maritime et \u00e0 la rar\u00e9faction des poissons : quand la science confirme l\u2019alerte du terrain - Cosmos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cosmosmedia.net\/?p=44169&lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bizerte face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion maritime et \u00e0 la rar\u00e9faction des poissons : quand la science confirme l\u2019alerte du terrain - Cosmos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sarah Ben Omrane-Cosmos media\u00a0 \u00c0 Bizerte, la mer ne se contente plus de fa\u00e7onner le paysage\u202f: elle le fragilise. 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