{"id":6815,"date":"2024-12-25T10:32:28","date_gmt":"2024-12-25T10:32:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmosmedia.net\/?p=6815"},"modified":"2025-01-02T11:01:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T11:01:33","slug":"crise-hydrique-en-tunisie-entre-changements-climatiques-et-solutions-durables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmosmedia.net\/?p=6815&lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"Crise Hydrique en Tunisie : Entre Changements Climatiques et Solutions Durables"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Sarah Ben Omrane \/Cosmos M\u00e9dia <\/strong><\/p>

En marge des travaux de l\u2019atelier intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Les d\u00e9fis des pays du Maghreb face au changement climatique : l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire et la gestion raisonn\u00e9e des ressources naturelles comme cl\u00e9s du devenir de la r\u00e9gion \u00bb, organis\u00e9 par le r\u00e9seau Africa21 et l\u2019ambassade de Suisse en Tunisie, en partenariat avec PAMT2 et la GIZ, nous avons rencontr\u00e9 Hamouda Dakhlaoui, expert et chercheur en ressources hydriques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole Nationale d\u2019Ing\u00e9nieurs de Tunis (ENIT).<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lors de cet entretien, il a dress\u00e9 un \u00e9tat des lieux alarmant sur la crise hydrique en Tunisie, un probl\u00e8me aggrav\u00e9 par les effets du changement climatique, tout en proposant des pistes concr\u00e8tes pour mieux g\u00e9rer et pr\u00e9server les ressources en eau du pays.

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Une vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 accrue face au changement climatique<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00ab Les ressources en eau en Tunisie sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 insuffisantes, et cette situation va s\u2019aggraver avec les projections climatiques \u00bb, affirme Hamouda Dakhlaoui. Selon les sc\u00e9narios les plus pessimistes, une diminution des pr\u00e9cipitations d\u2019environ 3 % d\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle est attendue, accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une hausse des temp\u00e9ratures de 4 \u00e0 5 degr\u00e9s. Cette combinaison entra\u00eenera une augmentation de l\u2019\u00e9vaporation et une r\u00e9duction significative des eaux de surface, notamment celles stock\u00e9es dans les barrages.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e en 2022 \u00e0 l\u2019ENIT r\u00e9v\u00e8le que les eaux de surface sont particuli\u00e8rement sensibles aux variations climatiques. Une baisse de 20 % des pr\u00e9cipitations pourrait engendrer une diminution de 40 % des eaux de surface en raison d\u2019un coefficient multiplicateur hydrologique. \u00ab Ces chiffres traduisent une situation critique \u00bb, souligne l\u2019expert.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Les nappes souterraines ne sont pas \u00e9pargn\u00e9es. La r\u00e9duction des pr\u00e9cipitations limite leur recharge naturelle, tandis que la surexploitation des puits et sondages aggrave le probl\u00e8me. \u00ab Ce recours excessif menace de vider les nappes, avec un risque accru d\u2019intrusion saline, rendant l\u2019eau inexploitable pour l\u2019agriculture et la consommation \u00bb, alerte-t-il.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Un impact direct sur l\u2019agriculture<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Les cons\u00e9quences du stress hydrique se font d\u00e9j\u00e0 sentir sur les pratiques agricoles. \u00ab Avec des s\u00e9cheresses plus longues et plus intenses, certaines cultures pluviales, comme l\u2019olivier, n\u00e9cessitent d\u00e9sormais une irrigation, ce qui accro\u00eet la pression sur les ressources en eau \u00bb, explique Hamouda Dakhlaoui.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Il cite une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e en collaboration avec l\u2019Institut National de Recherche en G\u00e9nie Rural, Eaux et For\u00eats (INGREFF) sur la production de Deglet Ennour \u00e0 Jemna. \u00ab Les projections montrent que l\u2019augmentation des temp\u00e9ratures et la salinisation des sols auront un impact n\u00e9gatif sur la productivit\u00e9. L\u2019irrigation souterraine pourrait \u00eatre une solution, car elle r\u00e9duit l\u2019\u00e9vaporation et limite l\u2019accumulation de sel en surface. \u00bb<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Diversifier les ressources hydriques : une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Face \u00e0 cette situation, l\u2019expert insiste sur l\u2019urgence de diversifier les ressources hydriques. \u00ab Le dessalement de l\u2019eau de mer et la r\u00e9utilisation des eaux us\u00e9es trait\u00e9es sont des solutions viables, mais leur usage doit \u00eatre cibl\u00e9 \u00bb, pr\u00e9conise-t-il.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Le dessalement pourrait \u00eatre orient\u00e9 vers les cultures tol\u00e9rantes au sel, tandis que les eaux trait\u00e9es, contenant de la mati\u00e8re organique fertilisante, pourraient irriguer des cultures fourrag\u00e8res, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les importations de ma\u00efs et de soja. \u00ab Actuellement, une ressource pr\u00e9cieuse est rejet\u00e9e en mer, nuisant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Il est imp\u00e9ratif de la canaliser pour en tirer profit \u00bb, affirme-t-il.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cependant, Hamouda Dakhlaoui met en garde contre l\u2019utilisation des eaux us\u00e9es non trait\u00e9es, qui peuvent entra\u00eener de graves cons\u00e9quences sanitaires. \u00ab Les eaux trait\u00e9es, en revanche, pourraient aussi \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es pour des activit\u00e9s comme le lavage des voitures, r\u00e9duisant la pression sur les ressources en eau potable. \u00bb<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Le r\u00f4le des pratiques ancestrales<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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L\u2019expert appelle \u00e9galement \u00e0 un retour aux pratiques ancestrales de gestion de l\u2019eau, comme la collecte de l\u2019eau pluviale dans des citernes (Majels). \u00ab Ces m\u00e9thodes, bien que simples, restent efficaces pour pr\u00e9server et g\u00e9rer l\u2019eau \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle domestique \u00bb, conclut-il.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Une prise de conscience urgente<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pour Hamouda Dakhlaoui, la crise hydrique en Tunisie n\u00e9cessite une mobilisation collective et une action imm\u00e9diate. La diversification des ressources, l\u2019adoption de solutions innovantes et le respect des pratiques traditionnelles doivent converger pour surmonter cette crise. Enjeu vital pour l\u2019agriculture et la survie des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures, la gestion durable des ressources en eau doit devenir une priorit\u00e9 nationale.

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Sarah Ben Omrane \/Cosmos M\u00e9dia En marge des travaux de l\u2019atelier intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Les d\u00e9fis des pays du Maghreb face au changement climatique : l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire et la gestion raisonn\u00e9e des ressources naturelles comme cl\u00e9s du devenir de la r\u00e9gion \u00bb, organis\u00e9 par le r\u00e9seau Africa21 et l\u2019ambassade de Suisse en Tunisie, en partenariat avec …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6851,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[1138,1247,1255,1177,892,1249,1253,478,1251],"class_list":["post-6815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-changements-climatiques","tag-crise-hydrique","tag-gestion-raisonnee-des-ressources-naturelles","tag-giz","tag-lambassade-de-suisse-en-tunisie","tag-lecole-nationale-dingenieurs-de-tunis-enit","tag-leconomie-circulaire","tag-tunisie","tag-une-vulnerabilite"],"yoast_head":"\nCrise Hydrique en Tunisie : Entre Changements Climatiques et Solutions Durables - 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